Hệ điều hành GNU và chuyển động phần mềm tự do

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TheGNUOperatingSystemandtheFreeSoftwareMovementSkiptomaintextFreeSoftwareSupporter:JOIN THE FSFGNUOperatingSystemSupportedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundationSitenigationSkipABOUT GNUPHILOSOPHYLICENSESEDUCATIONSOFTWAREDISTROSDOCSMALWAREHELP GNUAUDIO & VIDEOGNU ARTFUNGNU'S WHO?SOFTWARE DIRECTORYHARDWARESITEMAPGNUistheonlyoperatingsystemdevelopedspecificallytogiveitsusersfreedom.WhatisGNU,anHệ điều hành GNU và chuyển động phần mềm tự dodwhatfreedomisatstake?EscapetoFreedom:AvideofromtheFSFWhatisGNU?GNUisanoperatingsystemthatisfreesoftware—thatis,itrespectsusers'freedom.TheGNUoperatingsystemconsistsofGNUpackes(programsspecificallyreleasedbytheGNUProject)aswellasfreesoftwarereleasedbythirdparties.ThedevelopmentofGNUmadeitpossibletouseacomputerwithoutsoftwarethatwouldtrampleyourfreedom.WerecommendinstallableversionsofGNU(moreprecisely,GNU/Linuxdistributions)whichareentirelyfreesoftware.MoreaboutGNUbelow.TryGNU/LinuxDrora 3.0-beta2withTDEdesktopDrora/TDEGuix/GNOME3Hyperbola/i3Parabola/LXDEPureOS/GNOME3Trisquel/MATE...orTrypartsofGNUWhatistheFreeSoftwareMovement?ThefreesoftwaremovementcampaignstowinfortheusersofcomputingthefreedomthatcomesfromfreesoftwareHệ điều hành GNU và chuyển động phần mềm tự do.Freesoftwareputsitsusersincontroloftheirowncomputing.Nonfreesoftwareputsitsusersunderthepowerofthesoftware'sdeveloper.Seethevideoexplanation.WhatisFreeSoftware?Freesoftwaremeanstheusershethefreedomtorun,copy,distribute,study,changeandimprovethesoftware.Freesoftwareisamatterofliberty,notprice.Tounderstandtheconcept,youshouldthinkof“free”asin“freespeech,”notasin“freebeer.”Moreprecisely,freesoftwaremeansusersofaprogramhethefouressentialfreedoms:Thefreedomtoruntheprogramasyouwish,foranypurpose(freedom0).Thefreedomtostudyhowtheprogramworks,andchangeitsoitdoesyourcomputingasyouwish(freedom1).Accesstothesourcecodeisapreconditionforthis.Thefreedomtoredistributecopiessoyoucanhelpothers(freedom2).Thefreedomtodistributecopiesofyourmodifiedversionstoothers(freedom3).Bydoingthisyoucangivethewholecommunityachancetobenefitfromyourchanges.Accesstothesourcecodeisapreconditionforthis.Developmentsintechnologyandnetworkusehemadethesefreedomsevenmoreimportantnowthantheywerein1983.NowadaysthefreesoftwaremovementgoesfarbeyonddevelopingtheGNUsystem.SeetheFreeSoftwareFoundation'swebsiteformoreaboutwhatwedo,andalistofwaysyoucanhelp.MoreaboutGNUGNUisaUnix-likeoperatingsystem.Thatmeansitisacollectionofmanyprograms:applications,libraries,developertools,evengames.ThedevelopmentofGNU,startedinJanuary1984,isknownastheGNUProject.ManyoftheprogramsinGNUarereleasedundertheauspicesoftheGNUProject;thosewecallGNUpackes.Thename“GNU”isarecursiveacronymfor“GNU'sNotUnix.”“GNU”ispronouncedg'noo,asonesyllable,likesaying“grew”butreplacingtherwithn.TheprograminaUnix-likesystemthatallocatesmachineresourcesandtalkstothehardwareiscalledthe“kernel.”GNUistypicallyusedwithakernelcalledLinux.ThiscombinationistheGNU/Linuxoperatingsystem.GNU/Linuxisusedbymillions,thoughmanycallit“Linux”bymistake.GNU'sownkernel,theGNUHurd,wasstartedin1990(beforeLinuxwasstarted).VolunteerscontinuedevelopingtheHurdbecauseitisaninterestingtechnicalproject.MoreinformationAsweenjoygreatadvantesfromtheinventionsofothers,weshouldbegladofanopportunitytoserveothersbyanyinventionofours,andthisweshoulddofreelyandgenerously.—BenjaminFranklinThisyear,chooseFreedomasagift.EthicalTechGivingGuideTHệ điều hành GNU và chuyển động phần mềm tự doheGNUProjectstronglyurgesthecommunitytocommunicateinwaysthatarefriendly,welcomingandkind.SeetheGNUKindCommunicationsGuidelines.PlanetGNUTheFSFisturning39!Joinusincelebratingalmost40yearsoffightingforsoftwarefreedomSeptemberGNUspotlightwithAminBandali:FourteennewGNUreleasesinthelastmonth(asofSeptember30,2024):FreeSoftwareSupporter--Issue198,October2024:Welcometothe*FreeSoftwareSupporter*,theFreeSoftwareFoundation39;s(FSF)monthlynewsdigestandactionupdate--beingreadbyy...TakeActionSupportcurrentFSFcampaigns.Signthepetitionforfreedomintheclassroom.JointheCopilotWatchGroup.MoreactionitemsCanyouhelpGNUwithanyoftheseprojects?GNUhighpriorityenhancementprojectsFreeprogramtosubtractbackgroundmusicCanyoucontributetoanyofthelong-termhighpriorityprojects?CanyouhelpmaintainaGNUpacke?Thesepackesarelookingformaintainers:cfengine,halifax,quickthreads,guile-sdl,superoptAlso,thesepackesarelookingforco-maintainers:aspell,bison,gnuae,gnubik,metaexchange,powerguru,xboard.Seethepackewebpesformoreinformation.RecentGNUreleasesShortdescriptionsforallGNUpackesToday'srandompacke…SatherGNUSatherisanobject-orientedprogramminglanguesimilartoEiffel.Itisdesignedtobesimple,efficient,safe,andnon-proprietary.Itfeaturesgarbecollection,statically-checkedstrongtyping,multipleinheritance,parameterizedclassesandmore.Thispackeconsistsofacompiler,aclasslibrary,thelanguespecificationandprogrammingmanual,andabrowserfordisplayingsourcesanddirectedgraphsofclassinheritance.(doc)9650;BACKTOTOPSetlangueailableforthispe:[en] English [de] Deutsch [es] español [fa] فارسی [fr] français [it] italiano [ja] 語 [nl] Nederlands [pt-br] português [ru] русский [sq] Shqip [tr] Türkçe [zh-cn] 简体中文 [zh-tw] 繁體中文 BACKTOTOP9650;“TheFreeSoftwareFoundation(FSF)isanonprofitwithaworldwidemissiontopromotecomputeruserfreedom.Wedefendtherightsofallsoftwareusers.”JOINDONATESHOPTheFSFalsohassisterorganizationsinEurope,LatinAmericaandIndia.Feelfreetojointhem!PleasesendgeneralFSF&GNUinquiriesto<gnu@gnu.org>.TherearealsootherwaystocontacttheFSF.Brokenlinksandothercorrectionsorsuggestionscanbesentto<webmasters@gnu.org>.PleaseseetheTranslationsREADMEforinformationoncoordinatingandcontributingtranslationsofthisarticle.©1996-2024FreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.ThispeislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution-NoDerivatives4.0InternationalLicense.InfringementNotificationUpdated:$Date:2024/05/1706:04:04$